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NEW QUESTION # 46
When implementing PoE, what role is played by a switch?
- A. Power splitter
- B. PO
- C. Midspan injector
- D. PSE
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 47
You manage a WLAN with 100 802.11ac access points. All access points are configured to use 80 MHz channels. In a particular BSS, only 40 MHz communications are seen. What is the likely cause of this behavior?
- A. The short guard interval is also enabled
- B. The AP is improperly configured to use only 40 MHz of the 80 MHz allocated bandwidth
- C. All clients implement single spatial stream radios
- D. The clients are all 802.11n STAs or lower
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 48
What term describes the effect of increasing the intensity of an RF wave with an antenna by focusing the energy in a specific direction?
- A. Beam Compression
- B. RF Flooding
- C. Distributed Radiation
- D. Active Amplification
- E. Passive Gain
Answer: E
Explanation:
https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/312530/antenna-concept-is-it-a-passive-device- buthow-about-gain
NEW QUESTION # 49
What term correctly completes the following sentence?
802.11a/b/g used a mandatory 800ns guard interval. 802.11n introduced an optional short 400ns guard interval. Guard intervals (GI) are necessary in OFDM to reduce the likelihood of interference between two consecutive ____________.
- A. Segments
- B. Symbols
- C. Frames
- D. Bytes
- E. Packets
- F. Bits
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 50
What statement about 802.11 WLAN bridges is true?
- A. WLAN bridges only work in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and they support only SISO communications
- B. WLAN bridges may support MIMO communication, but only if used in the GHz frequency band
- C. WLAN bridges must be implemented such that no interference occurs on the channel anywhere between the two endpoints used to establish the bridge
- D. WLAN bridges must use a channel with acceptable SNR at both transceivers to maintain the desired data rate bi-directionally
Answer: B
Explanation:
https://www.apm.com.tw/mimo-300mbps-outdoor-bridge-2-4ghz-ape-2405mm8.html WiGig Is 802.11ad and 802.11ay WiGig transmits data wirelessly on the 60 GHz frequency published in 2012, uses the 802.11ad standard offer 5Gbps at up to 10 meters release in 2019, 802.11ay is scheduled for release in
2019 offering 10Gbps at up to 100 meters
Wifi 6
802.11ax,
https://www.cnet.com/home/internet/wi-fi-6-and-what-it-means-for-you-wifi-routers/ WPA3 WPA3 standard also replaces the pre-shared key (PSK) exchange with Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) WPA3 The new standard uses an equivalent 192-bit cryptographic strength in WPA3-Enterprise mode Protection of management frames as specified in the IEEE 802.11w amendment is also enforced by the WPA3 specifications.
NEW QUESTION # 51
You have received a report of poor wireless connections on the third floor of a building under your administration. Three individuals have reported the problem. Apparently, the connections are reporting a strong signal, but the users cannot access the Internet. With the problem identified, what is the next logical step in the troubleshooting process?
- A. Discover the scale of the problem
- B. Verify the solution
- C. Perform corrective actions
- D. Create a plan of action or escalate the problem
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 52
An 802.11-based network uses an AP and has several connecting clients. The clients include iPhones, iPads, laptops and one desktop. What WLAN use case is represented?
- A. WPAN
- B. Ad-hoc
- C. BSS
- D. IBSS
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 53
What can cause excessive VSWR in RF cables used to connect a radio to an antenna?
- A. Impedance mismatch
- B. High gain parabolic dish antenna
- C. Radio output power above 100 mW but below 400 mw
- D. High gain yagi antenna
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Impedance is the measure of opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) in a circuit. Impedance mismatch occurs when the impedance of the radio does not match the impedance of the antenna or the cable.
This causes some of the transmitted or received signal to be reflected back, resulting in a loss of power and efficiency. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a metric that indicates the amount of impedance mismatch in a transmission line. A higher VSWR means a higher impedance mismatch and a lower signal quality. A VSWR of 1:1 is ideal, meaning there is no impedance mismatch and no reflected power. A VSWR of 2:1 means that for every 2 units of forward power, there is 1 unit of reflected power12.
The other options are not correct because they do not affect the VSWR in RF cables. A high gain yagi antenna or a high gain parabolic dish antenna can increase the signal strength and directionality, but they do not cause impedance mismatch in the cable. Radio output power above 100 mW but below 400 mW is within the acceptable range for most WLAN devices and does not cause excessive VSWR in the cable3.
References: 1: CWNA-108 Official Study Guide, page 77 2: VSWR 3: CWNA-108 Official Study Guide, page 81
NEW QUESTION # 54
You are the network administrator for ABC Company. Your manager has recently attended a wireless security seminar. The seminar speaker taught that a wireless network could be hidden from potential intruders if you disabled the broadcasting of the SSID in Beacons and configured the access points not to respond to Probe Request frames that have a null SSID field.
Your manager suggests implementing these security practices. What response should you give to this suggestion?
- A. This security practice prevents manufacturers' client utilities from detecting the SSID. As a result, the SSID cannot be obtained by attackers, except through social engineering, guessing, or use of a WIPS.
- B. To improve security by hiding the SSID, the AP and client stations must both be configured to remove the SSID from association request and response frames. Most WLAN products support this.
- C. Any tenants in the same building using advanced penetration testing tools will be able to obtain the SSID by exploiting WPA EAPOL-Key exchanges. This poses an additional risk of exposing the WPA key.
- D. Any 802.11 protocol analyzer can see the SSID in clear text in frames other than Beacons frames. This negates any security benefit of trying to hide the SSID in Beacons and Probe Response frames.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The response that you should give to your manager's suggestion of implementing the security practices of disabling the broadcasting of the SSID in Beacons and configuring the access points not to respond to Probe Request frames that have a null SSID field is that any 802.11 protocol analyzer can see the SSID in clear text in frames other than Beacons frames. This negates any security benefit of trying to hide the SSID in Beacons and Probe Response frames. The SSID (Service Set Identifier) is a human-readable name that identifies a WLAN and allows users to connect to it. The SSID is transmitted in clear text in several types of 802.11 frames, such as Beacon frames, Probe Request frames, Probe Response frames, Association Request frames, Association Response frames, Reassociation Request frames, and Reassociation Response frames. Some people may think that hiding the SSID can improve the security of the WLAN by making it invisible to potential intruders. However, this is not true, as hiding the SSID only removes it from Beacon frames and Probe Response frames that have a null SSID field. The SSID is still present in other types of frames that can be easily captured and analyzed by any 802.11 protocol analyzer or wireless scanner tool. Therefore, hiding the SSID does not provide any real security benefit and may even cause some compatibility and performance issues for legitimate users. References: 1, Chapter 4, page 133; 2, Section 4.1
NEW QUESTION # 55
As an RF wave propagates through space, the wave front experiences natural expansion that reduces its signal strength in an area. What describes the rate at which this expansion happens?
- A. Fresnel zone thinning
- B. MU-MIMO
- C. Ohm's law
- D. Inverse square law
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The inverse square law states that the signal strength of an RF wave is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. This means that as the distance from the transmitter increases, the signal strength decreases rapidly.
References: Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide, Chapter 3, page 64.
NEW QUESTION # 56
Which one of the following is not a factor considered when calculating the Link Budget for an outdoor point-to- point WLAN bridge link?
- A. MU-MIMO capabilities of the bridges
- B. Transmit power
- C. Receive antenna gain
- D. Operating frequency
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 57
A Wi-Fi Alliance interoperability certificate indicates that a device is a/b/g/n certified. It further indicates one transmit and receive spatial stream for both the 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz bands. It further indicates support for both WPA and WPA2 Enterprise and Personal. Finally, it indicates support for EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2, PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 and PEAPv1/EAP- GTC.
Which one of the following statements is false?
- A. This client device supports both TKIP and CCMP cipher suites.
- B. This client device supports the ERP, OFDM, and HT physical layer specifications.
- C. 300 Mbps is the maximum supported data rate for this device.
- D. This client device supports protection mechanisms such as RTS/CTS and/or CTS-to-Self.
- E. This client device supports X.509 certificates for EAP authentication.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 58
A client complains of low data rates on his computer. When you evaluate the situation, you see that the signal strength is -84 dBm and the noise floor is -96 dBm. The client is an 802.11ac client and connects to an 802.11ac AP. Both the client and AP are 2x2:2 devices. What is the likely cause of the low data rate issue?
- A. Too few spatial streams
- B. CAT5e cabling run to the AP
- C. Lack of support for 802.11n
- D. Weak signal strength
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 59
You are reporting on the RF environment in your facility. The manager asks you to describe the noise floor noted in the report. Which of the following is the best explanation?
- A. The noise caused by elevators, microwave ovens, and video transmitters.
- B. The RF energy that exists in the environment from intentional and unintentional RF radiators that forms the baseline above which the intentional signal of your WLAN must exist.
- C. The extra energy radiated by access points and client devices beyond that intended for the signal.
- D. The energy radiated by flooring materials that causes interference in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The RF energy that exists in the environment from intentional and unintentional RF radiators that forms the baseline above which the intentional signal of your WLAN must exist is the best explanation of the noise floor noted in the report. The noise floor is a term that describes the level of background noise or interference in a wireless channel or band. The noise floor is measured in dBm (decibel-milliwatts) and it represents the minimum signal strength that can be detected or received by a wireless device. The noise floor is influenced by various factors, such as the sensitivity of the receiver, the antenna gain, the cable loss, and the ambient RF environment. The ambient RF environment consists of intentional and unintentional RF radiators that emit RF energy in the wireless spectrum. Intentional RF radiators are devices that are designed to transmit RF signals for communication purposes, such as Wi-Fi access points, Bluetooth devices, microwave ovens, or cordless phones. Unintentional RF radiators are devices that are not designed to transmit RF signals but generate electromagnetic radiation as a by-product of their operation, such as USB 3 devices, PC power supplies, or fluorescent lights. The noise floor affects WLAN performance and quality because it determines the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is required for a successful wireless transmission. SNR is the difference between the signal strength of the desired signal and the noise floor of the channel. SNR is also measured in dB and it indicates how much the signal stands out from the noise. A higher SNR means a better signal quality and a lower bit error rate. A lower SNR means a worse signal quality and a higher bit error rate. Therefore, to achieve a reliable WLAN connection, the intentional signal of your WLAN must exist above the noise floor by a certain margin that depends on the data rate and modulation scheme used. The other options are not accurate or complete explanations of the noise floor noted in the report. The noise caused by elevators, microwave ovens, and video transmitters is not the noise floor but rather examples of interference sources that contribute to the noise floor. The extra energy radiated by access points and client devices beyond that intended for the signal is not the noise floor but rather an example of spurious emissions that cause interference to other devices or channels. The energy radiated by flooring materials that causes interference in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands is not the noise floor but rather an example of attenuation or reflection that reduces or changes the direction of the signal. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 5: Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 139
NEW QUESTION # 60
You have been tasked with creating a wireless link between two buildings on a single campus. The link must support at least 150 Mbps data rates. What kind of WLAN technology role should you deploy?
- A. Access BSS
- B. WPAN
- C. Wireless bridging
- D. IBSS
Answer: C
Explanation:
https://www.wlanmall.com/what-is-a-wireless-bridge/
NEW QUESTION # 61
What statement about 802.11 WLAN performance is true?
- A. In modern networks, both centralized and distributed data forwarding work well for most standard office deployments
- B. To get the best performance out of an AP, you should disable data rates of 72 Mbps and lower
- C. In most WLANs, no special skill or tuning is required to get peak performance
- D. WLANs perform better as more wireless clients connect with each AP
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 62
Which one of the following channels can be used for VHT transmissions?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 63
Return Loss is the decrease of forward energy in a system when some of the power is being reflected back toward the transmitter.
What will cause high return loss in an RF transmission system, including the radio, cables, connectors and antenna?
- A. The use of cables longer than one meter in the RF system
- B. An impedance mismatch between components in the RF system
- C. A Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of 1:1
- D. High output power at the transmitter and use of a low-gain antenna
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 64
What non-standard WLAN solution attempts to give a longer transmission windows to devices with higher data rates then devise with lower data rates?
- A. RRM
- B. ARM
- C. AirTime Fairness
- D. Band Steering
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 65
What Linux shell command can be used to view the hardware and PHY capabilities of a wireless adapter in detail including channel widths, output power setting, channels supported, and more?
- A. ifconflg
- B. netsh wlan show device
- C. iwconflg
- D. iw phy
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 66
You are performing a post-implementation validation survey. What basic tool can be used to easily locate areas of high co-channel interference?
- A. Wi-Fi scanner
- B. Access point spectrum analyzer
- C. Throughput tester
- D. Laptop-based spectrum analyzer
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A Wi-Fi scanner is a basic tool that can be used to easily locate areas of high co-channel interference. A Wi-Fi scanner is a software application that can run on a laptop, tablet, smartphone, or other device that has a Wi-Fi adapter. A Wi-Fi scanner can scan the wireless environment and display information about the detected access points and client stations, such as their SSID, BSSID, channel, signal strength, security, and data rate. A Wi-Fi scanner can also show the channel utilization and overlap of different access points, which can indicate the level of co-channel interference. Co-channel interference is a type of interference that occurs when multiple access points use the same or adjacent channels within the same coverage area. Co-channel interference can reduce the throughput and performance of the WLAN, as the access points and client stations have to contend for the channel access and avoid collisions. To identify areas of high co-channel interference, a Wi-Fi scanner can be used to measure the signal strength and channel utilization of different access points and compare them with a threshold or a baseline. Alternatively, a Wi-Fi scanner can also use a color-coded heat map to visualize the co-channel interference level in different locations. References: 1, Chapter 7, page
279; 2, Section 4.3
NEW QUESTION # 67
What factor will have the most significant impact on the amount of wireless throughput available to each station within a BSS?
- A. The number of client stations associated to the BSS
- B. The Layer 3 protocol used by each station to transmit data over the wireless link
- C. The power management settings in the access point beacons
- D. The presence of co-located (10m away) access points on non-overlapping channels
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 68
You are reconfiguring an AP to use the short guard interval. How long will the new guard interval duration be after the change?
- A. 10 ms
- B. 400 ns
- C. 104 ms
- D. 800 ns
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 69
During a post-implementation survey, you have detected a non-802.11 wireless device transmitting in the area used by handheld 802.11g scanners. What is the most important factor in determining the impact of this non-
802.11 device?
- A. Receive sensitivity
- B. Protocols utilized
- C. Channel occupied
- D. Airtime utilization
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 70
A company has hired you to perform a pre-deployment site survey of their facility. During an interview, the network manager informs you that the new wireless network must use 5 GHz bands and OFDM, and VoWiFi handsets will be used extensively over the wireless network.
What items do you need to include in the RF site survey report? (Choose 2)
- A. Codec types and sampling rates for each VoWiFi phone
- B. A heat map demonstrating signal quality in areas where VoWiFi is supported.
- C. Security parameters and configuration steps for VoWiFi handsets.
- D. Results of OFDM versus ERP performance in each BSA
- E. Test results from an active survey with a VoWiFi handset
Answer: B,E
NEW QUESTION # 71
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